Web 3.0 is the next generation to the internet as the internet began it was know as web 1.0 this was the first in the stages in internet technology. Next came web 2.0 which deals with social interaction such as social networking websites like Facebook,MSN messenger, youtube etc etc.
It is thought that Semantic Web will become part of web 3.0 but the strong difference between them is that web 3.0 is in a league of its own and will so advanced that it will have improved significantly that search engines will produce more thorough answers as well as perhaps being able to respond to a whole question asked. With web 3.0 you are looking at more mature and intelligent world wide web.
It has also been suggested that the web because of web 3.0 will become far more immersive and mutli dimensional.
Useful URLS
1-http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2726190.ece
2-http://www.androidtech.com/knowledge-blog/2006/11/web-30-you-aint-seen-nothing-yet.html
3-http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2102852,00.asp
Sunday, 22 March 2009
Week 10 semantic web
What is semantic web?
The semantic web is a web which changes web data so it is understood by computers when searching and combining information. It is almost like an equation which can be understood by computers so there is no need for human operation of machines.It is the language of computers on a global scale.
Some URLS which were useful for understanding Semantic web:
http://www.w3schools.com/semweb/default.asp
http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2007/Semantic_Web.asp
http://infomesh.net/2001/swintro/
The semantic web is a web which changes web data so it is understood by computers when searching and combining information. It is almost like an equation which can be understood by computers so there is no need for human operation of machines.It is the language of computers on a global scale.
Some URLS which were useful for understanding Semantic web:
http://www.w3schools.com/semweb/default.asp
http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2007/Semantic_Web.asp
http://infomesh.net/2001/swintro/
Week 10 - Problem for education?
Is there a potential problem being stored up for people if 'education' is tailored to fit into their cultural and personal preferences?
If you look at education culturally it is easy to see how it is tailored as each culture is very different and has a different work ethic altogether. However it is important to see whether these cultural values have a positive or negative effect on people's education. If anything people's culture should shape their education to the aspirations and hopes of that culture so that the best achievements ca be made.
I believe personal preferences are ok to an extent for instance if somebody works better in a classroom on their own and one is available then they should be given that option rather than having to put up with a noisy classroom. Or perhaps some people would benefit from one on one tutoring rather than being in mainstream education. As these points boil down to the working environment which may be better for different types of people. This I think can be applied to people with learning disabilities of all kinds you have to accomodate people's needs in education in order for them to achieve.
However I do believe it is important that eduaction is not tailored to meet people's personal preferences to any greater extent unless personal circumstances change which means there will be added pressure so therefore might need extensions for hand ins as it means they may not attend lectures, meetings etc which will only aid them in completing their work better. Then i see the need to tailor fit for personal circumstances.
But if it means tailor fitting so because people dont like the course structure or don't want to complete work because they cannot be bothered then thats where the line must be drawn.
Could you imagine the up roar if eduaction was upto the individual?I believe if this was so eduaction would have no boundaries or any kind of structure and at the end of the day all though everybodys educational career changes through the different stages (Primary, secondary, college and University) and gets harder everybody needs some regimenting so they know where they stand with their education as much as we loath some subjects rather than other, i think it gives everybody a good lesson in life; that you might not like everything you do but the rewards at the end are far better.
If you look at education culturally it is easy to see how it is tailored as each culture is very different and has a different work ethic altogether. However it is important to see whether these cultural values have a positive or negative effect on people's education. If anything people's culture should shape their education to the aspirations and hopes of that culture so that the best achievements ca be made.
I believe personal preferences are ok to an extent for instance if somebody works better in a classroom on their own and one is available then they should be given that option rather than having to put up with a noisy classroom. Or perhaps some people would benefit from one on one tutoring rather than being in mainstream education. As these points boil down to the working environment which may be better for different types of people. This I think can be applied to people with learning disabilities of all kinds you have to accomodate people's needs in education in order for them to achieve.
However I do believe it is important that eduaction is not tailored to meet people's personal preferences to any greater extent unless personal circumstances change which means there will be added pressure so therefore might need extensions for hand ins as it means they may not attend lectures, meetings etc which will only aid them in completing their work better. Then i see the need to tailor fit for personal circumstances.
But if it means tailor fitting so because people dont like the course structure or don't want to complete work because they cannot be bothered then thats where the line must be drawn.
Could you imagine the up roar if eduaction was upto the individual?I believe if this was so eduaction would have no boundaries or any kind of structure and at the end of the day all though everybodys educational career changes through the different stages (Primary, secondary, college and University) and gets harder everybody needs some regimenting so they know where they stand with their education as much as we loath some subjects rather than other, i think it gives everybody a good lesson in life; that you might not like everything you do but the rewards at the end are far better.
Wednesday, 18 March 2009
Week 10 What difference to all this might the 'digital divide' make?
What difference to all this might the 'digital divide' make?
a) To socioeconomically related access issues within a society? b) To global access issues across countries and regions? (COMBINED ANSWER)
"The term "digital divide" refers to multi-dimensional inequalities in Internet access and use, ranging from the global level, to nation states, to communities, and to individuals. The divide is here for some time to come. "
It is not so much about access that you have to these technolgies but the benefits you gain from this access. It is also important to understand that there is not just one logical divide to do with new media but many ranging from physical access to political access.
It is a social divide as well as a technological one it relates to who uses the internet, for what purposes and under what circumstances these factors play a crucial role into the effects of socioeconomics.
Culturally this digital divide will depend greatly on economic status those who are, as it were digitally rich or poor and therefore will have access to this digital technology ranging from the computer to television. Due to being either cuturally rich or poor this the alters the need or reason for using the technolgy in the first place. In developed countries such as America or the UK technology will be part of people's jobs and lifestyles whilst it is argued that in developing countries such as Africa digital technology is used to consume rather than to produce.
Socially i believe that socioeconomics will differ from group to group of people and depend naturally on their cultural backgorund. For some groups of people they rely heavily on technology to communicate for instance between one another for various different reasons. Where as another group of people wouldind other ways of communicatinng. Similarly students may vary in their research for assignments some may use the internet for articles and journals wreas other will e more traditional means like going to the library and reading books and old newspaper articles too.It also relates to classrrom activity in some schools computers, televisons and calculors may be accesible whereas in another county/region the accessiblity of thiese resources may differ.
Within society i believe there are various issues which can create more of a divide.
Due to socioeconimics I believe that Prensky's notion of 'digital immigrants and natives' can only relate to those who are of higher socioeconomic status and therefore more likely to be found in developed countries. I believe this is so because 'digital immigrants and natives' are found amongst technology either way whether they are young or old as they have the access for whatever reason they choose.
What do you think??
Some useful URLS
1- http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/FINAL_REPORT_CHARTING_DIGI_DIVIDES.pdf
2-http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00036/en/text/sindex.html
3-http://www.digitaldivide.org/dd/digitaldivide.html
a) To socioeconomically related access issues within a society? b) To global access issues across countries and regions? (COMBINED ANSWER)
"The term "digital divide" refers to multi-dimensional inequalities in Internet access and use, ranging from the global level, to nation states, to communities, and to individuals. The divide is here for some time to come. "
It is not so much about access that you have to these technolgies but the benefits you gain from this access. It is also important to understand that there is not just one logical divide to do with new media but many ranging from physical access to political access.
It is a social divide as well as a technological one it relates to who uses the internet, for what purposes and under what circumstances these factors play a crucial role into the effects of socioeconomics.
Culturally this digital divide will depend greatly on economic status those who are, as it were digitally rich or poor and therefore will have access to this digital technology ranging from the computer to television. Due to being either cuturally rich or poor this the alters the need or reason for using the technolgy in the first place. In developed countries such as America or the UK technology will be part of people's jobs and lifestyles whilst it is argued that in developing countries such as Africa digital technology is used to consume rather than to produce.
Socially i believe that socioeconomics will differ from group to group of people and depend naturally on their cultural backgorund. For some groups of people they rely heavily on technology to communicate for instance between one another for various different reasons. Where as another group of people wouldind other ways of communicatinng. Similarly students may vary in their research for assignments some may use the internet for articles and journals wreas other will e more traditional means like going to the library and reading books and old newspaper articles too.It also relates to classrrom activity in some schools computers, televisons and calculors may be accesible whereas in another county/region the accessiblity of thiese resources may differ.
Within society i believe there are various issues which can create more of a divide.
Due to socioeconimics I believe that Prensky's notion of 'digital immigrants and natives' can only relate to those who are of higher socioeconomic status and therefore more likely to be found in developed countries. I believe this is so because 'digital immigrants and natives' are found amongst technology either way whether they are young or old as they have the access for whatever reason they choose.
What do you think??
Some useful URLS
1- http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/FINAL_REPORT_CHARTING_DIGI_DIVIDES.pdf
2-http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00036/en/text/sindex.html
3-http://www.digitaldivide.org/dd/digitaldivide.html
Week 10 Wenger and Prensky
1) How might Wenger's notions on practice communities relate to Prensky's on education?
Wenger's notion of COPs deals with education online and Prensky's ideas relates to the new technologies within education so to an extent they both relate to one another.
Wenger's model relates to education as a shared community online this would beneficial i think to the countries which can either not afford to have schools in every village or are too widespread for students to get to.
It would also mean that digital immigrants may become extinct beacuse if education did take on the idea that digital immigrants have to learn the language of the digital natives with the eductaion system introducing the idea of COPs this would have to be done either way.
To collaborate both of the ideas together would introduce a completely radical way to educating people and one that would have its advantages as well as strong disadvantages. For instance to what extent would these technologies be introduced in the classroom?would it just be in the classroom or would the technologies be available in the home?where does the teachers role come in to this?or would this new technology only make them assessors?
Wenger's notion of COPs deals with education online and Prensky's ideas relates to the new technologies within education so to an extent they both relate to one another.
Wenger's model relates to education as a shared community online this would beneficial i think to the countries which can either not afford to have schools in every village or are too widespread for students to get to.
It would also mean that digital immigrants may become extinct beacuse if education did take on the idea that digital immigrants have to learn the language of the digital natives with the eductaion system introducing the idea of COPs this would have to be done either way.
To collaborate both of the ideas together would introduce a completely radical way to educating people and one that would have its advantages as well as strong disadvantages. For instance to what extent would these technologies be introduced in the classroom?would it just be in the classroom or would the technologies be available in the home?where does the teachers role come in to this?or would this new technology only make them assessors?
Tuesday, 17 March 2009
Week 9 Technophile
e) Describe the experience of a fictional technophile student in 2020.
I think the experience of being a technophile student in 2020 will be very similar to the world portrayed in the film "I-Robot" where we rely heavily on digital technology not necessarily on world which is dominated by robots. But I do believe that technology can only advance more and more if we look at the mobile phone for instance which our generation has seen from the very beginning it has only improved and developed more by the year. Now in 2009 you have a mobile phone which you can access the internet on, take photographs with and also use as a music player, this we never thought was possible and to alot of us this is not a big deal. But if you look back a few decades the digita world no where near what is today.
I think with anything it will take time but it wouldnt surprise me especially with the economic crisis we are suffering at the moment that a new system of education online will expand especially if it is cheaper and means you can get a degree within the comfort of your own home for half the price that many people will start doing that. In the end i don't think there won't be anything technology can do.
I think the experience of being a technophile student in 2020 will be very similar to the world portrayed in the film "I-Robot" where we rely heavily on digital technology not necessarily on world which is dominated by robots. But I do believe that technology can only advance more and more if we look at the mobile phone for instance which our generation has seen from the very beginning it has only improved and developed more by the year. Now in 2009 you have a mobile phone which you can access the internet on, take photographs with and also use as a music player, this we never thought was possible and to alot of us this is not a big deal. But if you look back a few decades the digita world no where near what is today.
I think with anything it will take time but it wouldnt surprise me especially with the economic crisis we are suffering at the moment that a new system of education online will expand especially if it is cheaper and means you can get a degree within the comfort of your own home for half the price that many people will start doing that. In the end i don't think there won't be anything technology can do.
Week 9- Neo luddite
d) Describe the daily frustrations of a fictional neo-luddite at university now in the UK.
" Dear Diary,
Oh dear lord what a day!!I woke up this morning and my alarm hadnt gone off it had ran out of blooming batteries. Got up and got changed and went off to my lecture apparently an email had been sent out this morning and seeing as I don't have a laptop in my room nor do I check my emails account everyday (I still don't know how to access it properly),I was none the wiser so off I went to my lecture to eventually work out after half an hour that it was cancelled as nobody turned up.All you need at nine o'clock in the morning!
Later on I went to a seminar and Francesca said she would of given me a text message if I had a phone and i said text message whats that?The look on her face!It was like someone had slapped her round the face with a wet fish. I just don't see the need if i am honest and i wouldn't have a clue on how to work it if i had a phone anyway. Francesca then suggested i joined Facebook as everybody is on it.Praise the lord our tutor came in just at the right time.Facebook?what is that?
Having just been set work in the seminar which is due in for tomorrow, I went straight to the library as i needed to use the internet. After an hour of really struggling to find the website and sources i was meant to, I then asked the I.T man to help and he basically gave me a tutorial (just what he needed at the end of long day). In the end it took me ages to understand what I was doing with the whole tasks we had been set and now I am in bed at mid night what an annoying day!! "
This is just a small example of what being a neo luddite may be like if they were trying to survive without the new media world.
" Dear Diary,
Oh dear lord what a day!!I woke up this morning and my alarm hadnt gone off it had ran out of blooming batteries. Got up and got changed and went off to my lecture apparently an email had been sent out this morning and seeing as I don't have a laptop in my room nor do I check my emails account everyday (I still don't know how to access it properly),I was none the wiser so off I went to my lecture to eventually work out after half an hour that it was cancelled as nobody turned up.All you need at nine o'clock in the morning!
Later on I went to a seminar and Francesca said she would of given me a text message if I had a phone and i said text message whats that?The look on her face!It was like someone had slapped her round the face with a wet fish. I just don't see the need if i am honest and i wouldn't have a clue on how to work it if i had a phone anyway. Francesca then suggested i joined Facebook as everybody is on it.Praise the lord our tutor came in just at the right time.Facebook?what is that?
Having just been set work in the seminar which is due in for tomorrow, I went straight to the library as i needed to use the internet. After an hour of really struggling to find the website and sources i was meant to, I then asked the I.T man to help and he basically gave me a tutorial (just what he needed at the end of long day). In the end it took me ages to understand what I was doing with the whole tasks we had been set and now I am in bed at mid night what an annoying day!! "
This is just a small example of what being a neo luddite may be like if they were trying to survive without the new media world.
Week 9- Someone who threatens the notion of Digital Immigration
The three people I know who lie on the boundaries of being Digital natives or Digital Immigrants are:both of my uncles, one who is 48 years old and runs his own business in London and the other uncle is 35 years old and is managing director for the opening for new restaurants, and the last person is my Dad who is 48 years old and is the Head of Racism within mental health of Devonshire county council.
Due to the types of jobs they have it means they are all constantly using digital technology. They all have the use of a mobile phone and/or a Blackberry which are now known as the small computer. If none of them are in the office on their computers then they are constantly on their lap tops or Blakcberrys writing emails, sending txt messages or making phone calls.
In some form or another they use and more importantly need the digital technologies more than I do and know how to use them properly for instance I would only have a Blackberry as it is part of the new craze and just an easier of accessing Facebook all the time however my uncle for insance will use his Blackberry in order to do his job.
But because of their age they are known as Digital Immigrants!Does anybody else think that Prensky's idea is a bit far fetched especially when it came down to classification due to age?As i think my uncles could be seen as Digital Natives
Due to the types of jobs they have it means they are all constantly using digital technology. They all have the use of a mobile phone and/or a Blackberry which are now known as the small computer. If none of them are in the office on their computers then they are constantly on their lap tops or Blakcberrys writing emails, sending txt messages or making phone calls.
In some form or another they use and more importantly need the digital technologies more than I do and know how to use them properly for instance I would only have a Blackberry as it is part of the new craze and just an easier of accessing Facebook all the time however my uncle for insance will use his Blackberry in order to do his job.
But because of their age they are known as Digital Immigrants!Does anybody else think that Prensky's idea is a bit far fetched especially when it came down to classification due to age?As i think my uncles could be seen as Digital Natives
Week 9 The youngest digital immigrant
b) The youngest digital immigrant you know.
The youngest digital immigrant I know is my step mum, she at one stage had a job with Devonshire county council to do with the public footpaths and nature trails therefore her job was of a more out doors nature. She would only use the computer to pass n any mesages she needed to.
Now that she has had my little sister and is full tiem house wife she rarely needs the technology that so many of us do nowadays nor does she wish to use it. Hermobile phone is for emergencies and rarely uses it, her computer account is rarely used either and she does not watch the television.
However she does listen to the radio and will use the ladnline phone to keep in touch with relatives anything else is seen as unecessary and a drain on the brain.
The youngest digital immigrant I know is my step mum, she at one stage had a job with Devonshire county council to do with the public footpaths and nature trails therefore her job was of a more out doors nature. She would only use the computer to pass n any mesages she needed to.
Now that she has had my little sister and is full tiem house wife she rarely needs the technology that so many of us do nowadays nor does she wish to use it. Hermobile phone is for emergencies and rarely uses it, her computer account is rarely used either and she does not watch the television.
However she does listen to the radio and will use the ladnline phone to keep in touch with relatives anything else is seen as unecessary and a drain on the brain.
Week 9 The oldest digital native
I believe the oldest digital native I know is my Grandad he works for the BBC as the football results person and has done for over 20 years. His job means he is always using the new technologies he has the internet and uses it for emails and such things as Ebay, he has Sky and all the digi boxes you need as well as one of the most upto date televisions. He has a car with all the gadgets and uses a mobile phone to call and to text. I see him as a digital native because he is so upto date with the new media.
However due to his age i know this won't be the case so the oldest digital native i know is probably a cousin of mine who does advertising and uses all kinds of new media to get his work done as well as using a laptop at home or work and the use of hi tech mobile phone.
However due to his age i know this won't be the case so the oldest digital native i know is probably a cousin of mine who does advertising and uses all kinds of new media to get his work done as well as using a laptop at home or work and the use of hi tech mobile phone.
Week 9 Should education stretch a person?
3) Should education 'stretch a person do you think? (What do you mean by 'stretch'?)
What I consider to be stretching is making someone realise their full potential and how they can succeed in doing so be it through hard work and perserverance or weekly tutorials or wrtiting essays over and over again. If it means in the end you can be the best you can be then everybody has a whole lot to gain by putting the effort in.
I think its important to stretch students for the above reasons however its important that there is not too much pressure to succeed all the time and that just to keep a good steady level of work with a reward at the end is the ebst way to ensure students carry on- light at the end of the tunnel.
It is important to understand that everybody's notion of stretching is different and that there will be differences amongst cultures and age groups. Not only so but standards vary amongst schools too if you look at the public and state schools, public (private) schools have the resources, the well paid teachers and the allocated time of prep (to do homework). Taking these things into account the idea of stretching a student will be done with the daily routine which is exactly the same for each student. Whereas in state schools I believe it depends upon the individual as to how far a personw ill stretch themselves.
What I consider to be stretching is making someone realise their full potential and how they can succeed in doing so be it through hard work and perserverance or weekly tutorials or wrtiting essays over and over again. If it means in the end you can be the best you can be then everybody has a whole lot to gain by putting the effort in.
I think its important to stretch students for the above reasons however its important that there is not too much pressure to succeed all the time and that just to keep a good steady level of work with a reward at the end is the ebst way to ensure students carry on- light at the end of the tunnel.
It is important to understand that everybody's notion of stretching is different and that there will be differences amongst cultures and age groups. Not only so but standards vary amongst schools too if you look at the public and state schools, public (private) schools have the resources, the well paid teachers and the allocated time of prep (to do homework). Taking these things into account the idea of stretching a student will be done with the daily routine which is exactly the same for each student. Whereas in state schools I believe it depends upon the individual as to how far a personw ill stretch themselves.
Week 8 Abstract 4 and 5
Abstract 4
The text discusses two clear lines of argument, the first being how teachers as 'digital immigrants' struggle with the new media in schools, this very similar to Prensly's articles, discussed in previous blogs. The article also suggests how teachers are struggling to find and educations system which is tailored well enough to meet this new generations needs.
The second line of argument is how the 'digital natives' as young people as well as students are far more committed to their online accounts such as Facebook rather than their manual school work.
Abstract 5
This article deals with the issues surrounding young people and how they use new media and the difference of their digital world to do with education. It also highlights the generation gap and how education may be effected because of this.
The text discusses two clear lines of argument, the first being how teachers as 'digital immigrants' struggle with the new media in schools, this very similar to Prensly's articles, discussed in previous blogs. The article also suggests how teachers are struggling to find and educations system which is tailored well enough to meet this new generations needs.
The second line of argument is how the 'digital natives' as young people as well as students are far more committed to their online accounts such as Facebook rather than their manual school work.
Abstract 5
This article deals with the issues surrounding young people and how they use new media and the difference of their digital world to do with education. It also highlights the generation gap and how education may be effected because of this.
Week 8 Abstract 3
Abstract 3
This article suggests that with the new media bring new effects it also illustrates how each different media manages to do this and what the effects are. It takes great care in showing the effects it has on young children and how in turn they adapt to the new types of media. This article also deals with the notion that new media has a greater impact on society than first thought.
This article suggests that with the new media bring new effects it also illustrates how each different media manages to do this and what the effects are. It takes great care in showing the effects it has on young children and how in turn they adapt to the new types of media. This article also deals with the notion that new media has a greater impact on society than first thought.
Week 9 Abstract 1 and 2
Abstract 1
This article discusses the nature of Digital Natives and Education leaders (Digital Immigrants)within the eduaction systems in terms of learning and teaching.The author provides the grounding for a debate in terms of how teaching should be adaptable to these digital natives in order to provide education which is applicable to them in terms of new technologies. There is a strong sense that there is an art to student engagement and collaboration rather than resisting the new horizon. And although there is a clear distinction bewteen the students (natives) and the educators (immigrants) it is important for both to remember it is the 21st century and with it comes these new technologies in the classroom but at the same time that the tradition to education should not not be lost but revamped as it were.
Abstract 2
This article has two clear lines of argument the first being that education needs to change in order to accomodate, for Digital Natives which comes to the second part of the argument; digital natives do exist.
Although the line of argument is clear the theoretical evidence is not and therefore appears there is no real strong evidence to support the above claims just an amount of opinion. Because of this the suggestion is to investigate and to conduct more research in to the subject before making any drastic changes.
This article discusses the nature of Digital Natives and Education leaders (Digital Immigrants)within the eduaction systems in terms of learning and teaching.The author provides the grounding for a debate in terms of how teaching should be adaptable to these digital natives in order to provide education which is applicable to them in terms of new technologies. There is a strong sense that there is an art to student engagement and collaboration rather than resisting the new horizon. And although there is a clear distinction bewteen the students (natives) and the educators (immigrants) it is important for both to remember it is the 21st century and with it comes these new technologies in the classroom but at the same time that the tradition to education should not not be lost but revamped as it were.
Abstract 2
This article has two clear lines of argument the first being that education needs to change in order to accomodate, for Digital Natives which comes to the second part of the argument; digital natives do exist.
Although the line of argument is clear the theoretical evidence is not and therefore appears there is no real strong evidence to support the above claims just an amount of opinion. Because of this the suggestion is to investigate and to conduct more research in to the subject before making any drastic changes.
Monday, 16 March 2009
Week 8 Five academic articles
Question 4
In the Harvard manner, name five different academic articles dealing with the notion of young people's facility with the new world of converged media
1- Prensky, M (2006) “Listen to the Natives”, Educational Leadership, Volume 63 (4) pp. 8 - 13, http://centre4.core-ed.net/viewfile.php/users/38/1965011121/ICT_PD_Online/ListentotheNatives.pdf (15/03/09)
2- Bennett, S et al, (2008) “The ‘Digital Natives’ Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence”, British Journal of Educational Technology, Volume 39 (5), pp. 775- 786, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=4&hid=104&sid=6b6331a7-2826-4c17-8ac1-8334df754ba3%40sessionmgr102 (15/03/09)
3- Livingstone, S. Bovill, M (2000) “Young people, New Media.” http://www.mediacultureonline.de/fileadmin/bibliothek/livingstone_young_people/livingstone_young_people.pdf (14/03/09)
4-Adlington and Hansford (2009) "Digital Spaces and young people's online authoring: Challenges for teachers" Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, Vol 32 (1) http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=7&sid=9a75c748-f7f3-478a-a904-003ac02809d3%40SRCSM2&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=afh&AN=36428102 (13/03/09)
In the Harvard manner, name five different academic articles dealing with the notion of young people's facility with the new world of converged media
1- Prensky, M (2006) “Listen to the Natives”, Educational Leadership, Volume 63 (4) pp. 8 - 13, http://centre4.core-ed.net/viewfile.php/users/38/1965011121/ICT_PD_Online/ListentotheNatives.pdf (15/03/09)
2- Bennett, S et al, (2008) “The ‘Digital Natives’ Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence”, British Journal of Educational Technology, Volume 39 (5), pp. 775- 786, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=4&hid=104&sid=6b6331a7-2826-4c17-8ac1-8334df754ba3%40sessionmgr102 (15/03/09)
3- Livingstone, S. Bovill, M (2000) “Young people, New Media.” http://www.mediacultureonline.de/fileadmin/bibliothek/livingstone_young_people/livingstone_young_people.pdf (14/03/09)
4-Adlington and Hansford (2009) "Digital Spaces and young people's online authoring: Challenges for teachers" Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, Vol 32 (1) http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=7&sid=9a75c748-f7f3-478a-a904-003ac02809d3%40SRCSM2&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=afh&AN=36428102 (13/03/09)
5- Trotter, A (2008) "Much of New-Media Learning Said to Occur Informally" Education Week, Vol 28 (14) http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/message?vid=2&hid=101&sid=86b673d0-80ab-40e7-8d33-332bccb96e65%40sessionmgr102 (13/03/09)
Friday, 13 March 2009
Week 8 Disagreements with website 5
This article does not take into account Prensky's idea of Digital Natives and Immigrants properly and offers one biased point of view and leaves it at that. I believe it is perhaps over steps the mark on a critical level and does not look at this theory on a global level, or take into account the advance in technology and the availability of it.
Week 8 Disagreements with website 4
I found it quite difficult to be critical of this text as I believe alot of what it is saying makes alot of sense.
However i think the term Digital Pioneer is quite a strong phrase to use and odes not really equate to the argument that is put forward- perhaps Digital Nurturer?
There is a strong argument for not wanting to be classed as either a Digital Native or Immigrant however I feels this boils down to more than just standing up for your generation yet i cant put my finger on it.
However i think the term Digital Pioneer is quite a strong phrase to use and odes not really equate to the argument that is put forward- perhaps Digital Nurturer?
There is a strong argument for not wanting to be classed as either a Digital Native or Immigrant however I feels this boils down to more than just standing up for your generation yet i cant put my finger on it.
Week 8 Disagreements with website 3
There are two points which I find disagree with the text the first being repeated from another previous article and that is the idea that it is important NOT to lose the tradition of education.
The second point being that it is impossible not to teach the students the new technology as this would surely turn them into Immigrants? Therefore teachers should not be restricting their learning but aiding them whether they agree or not.
The second point being that it is impossible not to teach the students the new technology as this would surely turn them into Immigrants? Therefore teachers should not be restricting their learning but aiding them whether they agree or not.
Week 8 Disagreements with website 2
This article deals with the supportive evidence for the theory of Digital Natives and Immigrants . However I do believe the evidence behind the theory is perhaps too broad and although the supportive evidence is understandable I think it may be clutching at straws to try and prove a point. The investigation conducted at this moment in time may not apply or produce the same results if reinvestigated because technology has changed so therefore so might the children born since the year 2001. Because of this do you think the idea of Natives and Immigrants is still applicable to today?
One strong personal disagreement is against the idea that brains are formed already knowing to carry on with digital nativism. I find this a desperate claim to make as I think it highly unlikely that this is so as I think digital nativism depends largely on the living environment, class and to an extent culture. Do you think brain training is a good idea?look at Nintendo and Wii new technological adavnces.
One strong personal disagreement is against the idea that brains are formed already knowing to carry on with digital nativism. I find this a desperate claim to make as I think it highly unlikely that this is so as I think digital nativism depends largely on the living environment, class and to an extent culture. Do you think brain training is a good idea?look at Nintendo and Wii new technological adavnces.
Week 8 Disagreements with website 1
As a whole the text seems to categorize too much and looks at the theory in a very black and white world.Rather than actually making allowances for those who may fit the other criteria surrounding the theory.
It also becomes clear that in order to keep up with the 21st century and the students before they get 'bored' is to become a Digital Native and move forward with technology as the old ways of educating students is not going to engage them enough. However although I believe this is true to a certain extent if you were to completely scrap the idea of tradition in teaching I think there would be a different generation of students. Students who would have no respect for the educational system at all or the idea that a little bit of hard work goes a long way. I feel that if we went a long completely with this theory yes we may have a technological advanced generation of students but I too believe we would have a generation which would rely soully on this technology and would in fact become lazy at it were if the tradition of of education was lost. What do you think?
It also becomes clear that in order to keep up with the 21st century and the students before they get 'bored' is to become a Digital Native and move forward with technology as the old ways of educating students is not going to engage them enough. However although I believe this is true to a certain extent if you were to completely scrap the idea of tradition in teaching I think there would be a different generation of students. Students who would have no respect for the educational system at all or the idea that a little bit of hard work goes a long way. I feel that if we went a long completely with this theory yes we may have a technological advanced generation of students but I too believe we would have a generation which would rely soully on this technology and would in fact become lazy at it were if the tradition of of education was lost. What do you think?
Week 8 Website 5 Criticism
Website 5
The second most upto date article which was also written in 2008. The section of the article I managed to locate is taken from The Chronicle Review so is written in the style of a magazine/newspaper article.
The article includes includes two points of view in terms of digital natives and whether they agree or not with the theory.
The article brings to light the idea that class plays a huge factor as to whether or not the Digital Natives and Immigrants theory can really be applied and to what extent.Do you think class affects this theory?
I do not believe that this section I have read is the whole text so i cannot decide whether it does practice what it preaches-what do you think??
The second most upto date article which was also written in 2008. The section of the article I managed to locate is taken from The Chronicle Review so is written in the style of a magazine/newspaper article.
The article includes includes two points of view in terms of digital natives and whether they agree or not with the theory.
The article brings to light the idea that class plays a huge factor as to whether or not the Digital Natives and Immigrants theory can really be applied and to what extent.Do you think class affects this theory?
I do not believe that this section I have read is the whole text so i cannot decide whether it does practice what it preaches-what do you think??
Week 8 Website 4 Criticism
Website 4
This is one of most current sources written as it was done so in 2008.
The text takes into consideration digital natives and digital immigrants but the counter argument boils down to the segregation of the generations.
Although written from one point of view, the author suggests a new terminology to bridge the clear divide; 'digital pioneers'. This term relates to those who may be put into the digital immigrants category dependent on age rather than allowing for their technological know how.
The article as a whole is making allowances for those people who grew up when technology did.
These digital pioneers are the teachers with the best of both worlds new and old.
This is one of most current sources written as it was done so in 2008.
The text takes into consideration digital natives and digital immigrants but the counter argument boils down to the segregation of the generations.
Although written from one point of view, the author suggests a new terminology to bridge the clear divide; 'digital pioneers'. This term relates to those who may be put into the digital immigrants category dependent on age rather than allowing for their technological know how.
The article as a whole is making allowances for those people who grew up when technology did.
These digital pioneers are the teachers with the best of both worlds new and old.
Week 8 Website 3 Criticism
Website 3
This article was written in 2003 and although it is not as dated as some articles it is still six years old so some of the content is not relevant to today.
The author discusses Prensky's theory from one point of view and relates it personally to life experience. The author takes into account and agrees to a large extent with Prensky's ideas.
However the counter argument suggests that the idea of 'legacy' is an important one that should be continued in eductaion due to personal experience.
This applicable to everyday life as the education system is not completely digatised.
The text also correlates with previous articles ideas that both class and culture affect the "Digital Natives and Immigrants" theory.
In relation to practicing what is preached the author sticks to the argument of "I am in favor of creating better tools for teachers, and then helping teachers become better users of the tools."
This article was written in 2003 and although it is not as dated as some articles it is still six years old so some of the content is not relevant to today.
The author discusses Prensky's theory from one point of view and relates it personally to life experience. The author takes into account and agrees to a large extent with Prensky's ideas.
However the counter argument suggests that the idea of 'legacy' is an important one that should be continued in eductaion due to personal experience.
This applicable to everyday life as the education system is not completely digatised.
The text also correlates with previous articles ideas that both class and culture affect the "Digital Natives and Immigrants" theory.
In relation to practicing what is preached the author sticks to the argument of "I am in favor of creating better tools for teachers, and then helping teachers become better users of the tools."
Thursday, 12 March 2009
week 8 Website 2 Criticism
Website 2
This article was too written in 2001 and questions the science behind Digital immigrants and natives. Because it was written in 2001 the experiments which were conducted then may not be the same if they were completed now. It is more than likely that there have been more experiments since which provide more thorough answers.
However there are two ideas which appear to be usable and upto date, the first is the idea of social theory which is discussed in relation to culture.
This applicable today as it talks about cause anf affect in depth which is understandble and believable now.
The second idea is the notion of brain training and how the repetition of various activities can mean an individuals brain can be trained to do something it never could before, the article then makes reference to video games which are still as popular now as they were then.
This article was too written in 2001 and questions the science behind Digital immigrants and natives. Because it was written in 2001 the experiments which were conducted then may not be the same if they were completed now. It is more than likely that there have been more experiments since which provide more thorough answers.
However there are two ideas which appear to be usable and upto date, the first is the idea of social theory which is discussed in relation to culture.
This applicable today as it talks about cause anf affect in depth which is understandble and believable now.
The second idea is the notion of brain training and how the repetition of various activities can mean an individuals brain can be trained to do something it never could before, the article then makes reference to video games which are still as popular now as they were then.
Week 8 Website 1 Criticism
Website 1
The article was written in 2001 and is written by a theorist, it is eight years old, and even then there was this notion of Digital Natives and Immigrants. Having read the article in depth a lot of the argument makes sense and is applicable to this day and age in 2009.
This consequently makes it usable, as it deals with the history and expands the argument so that it is clear to understand the idea of natives and immigrants, and their differences and shows this precisely through examples mainly dealing with education system and students versus teachers.
In the case of practicing what its preaches the argument suggests a sense of moving forward with the 21st century rather than looking back.
The article was written in 2001 and is written by a theorist, it is eight years old, and even then there was this notion of Digital Natives and Immigrants. Having read the article in depth a lot of the argument makes sense and is applicable to this day and age in 2009.
This consequently makes it usable, as it deals with the history and expands the argument so that it is clear to understand the idea of natives and immigrants, and their differences and shows this precisely through examples mainly dealing with education system and students versus teachers.
In the case of practicing what its preaches the argument suggests a sense of moving forward with the 21st century rather than looking back.
Week 8 5 Websites and URLS
2) Identify five different websites/five-pages-on-different sites dealing with digital immigration and its counterpart. Give their urls.
Website 1: Digital natives, Digital immigrants:http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
Website 2: Digital natives and digital immigrants do they really think differently?: http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part2.pdf
Website 3: Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants:Some Thoughts from the Generation Gap :http://www.wisc.edu/depd/html/TSarticles/Digital%20Natives.htm
Website 4: Digital natives, digital immigrants and digital pioneers : http://kathyschrock.net/blog/2008/10/digital-natives-digital-immigrants-and.html
Website 5: Congenitally digital? :http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=14&hid=117&sid=fed2420e-e1a8-4ed6-a6a0-79cab3efd44e%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=afh&AN=36512044#db=afh&AN=36512044
Website 1: Digital natives, Digital immigrants:http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
Website 2: Digital natives and digital immigrants do they really think differently?: http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part2.pdf
Website 3: Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants:Some Thoughts from the Generation Gap :http://www.wisc.edu/depd/html/TSarticles/Digital%20Natives.htm
Website 4: Digital natives, digital immigrants and digital pioneers : http://kathyschrock.net/blog/2008/10/digital-natives-digital-immigrants-and.html
Website 5: Congenitally digital? :http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=14&hid=117&sid=fed2420e-e1a8-4ed6-a6a0-79cab3efd44e%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=afh&AN=36512044#db=afh&AN=36512044
Week 8 what is Digital Immigration?
Question 1) Find out about 'Digital Immigration'.What Is it? Who cares about it? What sort of general attitudes have been based upon it?
In terms of what 'digital immigration' is it is a term which was first introduced by educational gaming "entrepreneur Marc Prensky in 2001 in his two-part investigation of how students have "radically changed" as the result of pervasive digital technologies. " They are known as Digital natives, native speakers of the modern world and technologies such as the computer,internet and many more. Digital natives can best be described as students or the children of the millennium.
Prensky states that "as digital immigrants learn — like all immigrants some better than others — to adapt to their environment, they always retain, to some degree, their 'accent', that is, their foot in the past." (Blogscholar)
In terms of what 'digital immigration' is it is a term which was first introduced by educational gaming "entrepreneur Marc Prensky in 2001 in his two-part investigation of how students have "radically changed" as the result of pervasive digital technologies. " They are known as Digital natives, native speakers of the modern world and technologies such as the computer,internet and many more. Digital natives can best be described as students or the children of the millennium.
Prensky states that "as digital immigrants learn — like all immigrants some better than others — to adapt to their environment, they always retain, to some degree, their 'accent', that is, their foot in the past." (Blogscholar)
The term digital immigrants relates to the generation who are not as upto date with the new world of technology,as well as the fact that these technologies do not come naturally to them unlike the digital natives. For the immigrants it boils down to educating themselves about these technologies and adapting to them rather than them being natural.
Those who care about this theory i believe are the academics who write about it and debate to what extent this theory can be applied and the teachers of which a great deal of theory applies as they are considered to be digital immigrants. However i do feel this is an open subject to nayone who has an opinion on it who can query or agree on what the theory suggests. I also think this topic of discussion is of concern to education boards and schools as the theory relates greatly to the way in which students are taught.
Week 8 Questions
HERE WE GO!wk 8 complete the black questions and prep for wk 9. The post the red questions in wk9
1) Find out about 'Digital Immigration'.What Is it? Who cares about it? What sort of general attitudes have been based upon it?
2) Identify five different websites/five-pages-on-different sites dealing with digital immigration and its counterpart. Give their urls.
3) In your blog criticise each website (without giving details that would send a reader directly there) in terms of up-to-dateness, usability and practicing what it preaches.
4) In the Harvard manner, name five different academic articles dealing with the notion of young people's facility with the new world of converged media
5) Each student write your own abstract for each article. (5 abstracts each)
6) In your blog, write a paragraph (or two) about your disagreements with each article -don't give away the proper name and title yet!
1) Find out about 'Digital Immigration'.What Is it? Who cares about it? What sort of general attitudes have been based upon it?
2) Identify five different websites/five-pages-on-different sites dealing with digital immigration and its counterpart. Give their urls.
3) In your blog criticise each website (without giving details that would send a reader directly there) in terms of up-to-dateness, usability and practicing what it preaches.
4) In the Harvard manner, name five different academic articles dealing with the notion of young people's facility with the new world of converged media
5) Each student write your own abstract for each article. (5 abstracts each)
6) In your blog, write a paragraph (or two) about your disagreements with each article -don't give away the proper name and title yet!
Friday, 6 March 2009
Week 7 China and distance learning part 2
The CRTVU offers roughly about 150 different courses ranging from mathematics to Chinese literature and laguage presented to the students at an undergraduate level.'The development of television universities is suitable for China as it is an effective way of training more people at lower cost in a shorter period of time.' I think this can apply to chinese culture as they are always advancing in everything and the majority is media and technology. To keep up they need the workers and with being so densely populated it is no surprise that to them this is on eof the best routes to ensure they have the workers/graduates they need.
Questions that have arisen since reading the text are as follows:
For each student would they know whether they are completing the work successfully or not?
Would each child bee the same an dbenefit from this?
Whta kind of affect does this way of educating have on the students socially?
Questions that have arisen since reading the text are as follows:
For each student would they know whether they are completing the work successfully or not?
Would each child bee the same an dbenefit from this?
Whta kind of affect does this way of educating have on the students socially?
Week 7 China and distance learning part 1
In the1960s the capital of China Beijing, between 1960 - 1966 over 8,000 students had graduated and 50,000 students had completed single courses in the Television Universities (TVU).
However as the Socialist Modernization Project came into China in 1976 it meant that 3.5 million teachers were trained up- "Such a huge task of training so many qualified people cannot be fulfilled by relying solely on conventional colleges and universities within a limited time-scale." With this in mind the council introduced higher education to the CRTVU - 'the Central Radio and Television University'.
The CRTVU has five levels here you can see how:
"The CRTVU: (a) makes long-term plans for the development of the TVU system and yearly plans for admission; (b) guides teaching administration of PTVUs and co-ordinates academic work shared by more than one PTVU; (c) makes teaching plans to be carried out nationally and produces programmes to be broadcast nationwide; (d) develops and publishes printed teaching materials, and produces and distributes audio- and videocassettes for courses offered nationally; (e) prepares unified entrance and end-of-semester examination papers and marking standards; (f) organizes training for teachers, administrative staff and technicians of the national TVU system; and (g) conduct distance education research and exchanges experiences with similar institutes at home and abroad.
The PTVUs: (a) guide teaching administration of their branch schools, system work stations and television classes directly attached to them; (b) organize the implementation of the teaching plans made by the CRTVU, and make teaching plans for courses offered provincially; (c) produce and transmit teaching programmes for regional use; (d) develop and publish printed teaching materials, and produce and distribute audio- and videocassettes for courses offered provincially; (e) organize entrance and end-of-semester examinations and the marking of examination papers; (f) admit students and issue diplomas/certificates; (g) train teachers, administrative staff and technicians of regional TVUs; and (h) conduct distance-education research and exchange experiences with each other.
Branch schools: (a) guide teaching administration of work stations and television classes directly attached to them; (b) implement teaching plans made by the CRTVU and PTVU; (c) organize the subscription and distribution of teaching materials; (d) conduct examinations and tests; (e) admit and register students, and keep their study records; (f) employ tutors and train them; and (g) oversee tutorials, laboratory work and field studies. Work stations: (a) organize television classes and guide their management; (b) organize tutorials, laboratory work and field studies; and (c) distribute teaching materials.
Television classes: (a) administer teaching and learning classes; (b) draw up time-tables for every term; (c) organize viewing and listening of teaching programmes, tutoring, laboratory work and field studies; (d) encourage students to take part in physical training and recreational activities outside class; and (e) maintain contact with work units from which the students come.
China's radio and television universities at five levels share their responsibilities on the basis of balancing centralization and decentralization with the CRTVU as their centre. Along with the development of the TVU system, the number of its staff has been increasing."
However as the Socialist Modernization Project came into China in 1976 it meant that 3.5 million teachers were trained up- "Such a huge task of training so many qualified people cannot be fulfilled by relying solely on conventional colleges and universities within a limited time-scale." With this in mind the council introduced higher education to the CRTVU - 'the Central Radio and Television University'.
The CRTVU has five levels here you can see how:
"The CRTVU: (a) makes long-term plans for the development of the TVU system and yearly plans for admission; (b) guides teaching administration of PTVUs and co-ordinates academic work shared by more than one PTVU; (c) makes teaching plans to be carried out nationally and produces programmes to be broadcast nationwide; (d) develops and publishes printed teaching materials, and produces and distributes audio- and videocassettes for courses offered nationally; (e) prepares unified entrance and end-of-semester examination papers and marking standards; (f) organizes training for teachers, administrative staff and technicians of the national TVU system; and (g) conduct distance education research and exchanges experiences with similar institutes at home and abroad.
The PTVUs: (a) guide teaching administration of their branch schools, system work stations and television classes directly attached to them; (b) organize the implementation of the teaching plans made by the CRTVU, and make teaching plans for courses offered provincially; (c) produce and transmit teaching programmes for regional use; (d) develop and publish printed teaching materials, and produce and distribute audio- and videocassettes for courses offered provincially; (e) organize entrance and end-of-semester examinations and the marking of examination papers; (f) admit students and issue diplomas/certificates; (g) train teachers, administrative staff and technicians of regional TVUs; and (h) conduct distance-education research and exchange experiences with each other.
Branch schools: (a) guide teaching administration of work stations and television classes directly attached to them; (b) implement teaching plans made by the CRTVU and PTVU; (c) organize the subscription and distribution of teaching materials; (d) conduct examinations and tests; (e) admit and register students, and keep their study records; (f) employ tutors and train them; and (g) oversee tutorials, laboratory work and field studies. Work stations: (a) organize television classes and guide their management; (b) organize tutorials, laboratory work and field studies; and (c) distribute teaching materials.
Television classes: (a) administer teaching and learning classes; (b) draw up time-tables for every term; (c) organize viewing and listening of teaching programmes, tutoring, laboratory work and field studies; (d) encourage students to take part in physical training and recreational activities outside class; and (e) maintain contact with work units from which the students come.
China's radio and television universities at five levels share their responsibilities on the basis of balancing centralization and decentralization with the CRTVU as their centre. Along with the development of the TVU system, the number of its staff has been increasing."
Week 7 African eductaion
Open Eduactional Resources in Africa
Having read the whole interview Catherine Nuigi had alot of interesting things to say as far as Africa's Open Educational Resources are concerened;"OER Africa seeks to improve teaching and learning within Africa’s institutions of higher education." this is completed successfully by " providing spaces for interaction on the OER Africa website at www.oerafrica.org, we support each other via face-to-face meetings and interactions via Skype or other cost-effective communication tools with other individuals and project leaders involved in OER working on the Continent". This last point is similar to the notion of COPs as they share the same guidelines and when looking at the website as a whole there are indeed COPs available for example ACEMaths for students studying maths.
It also became clear that this form of technology serves as a techno-determinism providing the people of Africa with the education that they reall need. It is also created by a standard which relates to the people of Africa rather than on a global level which would nto relate to them historically, socially and politically; "the meta data for all of this knowledge generated for and by Africa is then sent to global repositories. In this way, OER Africa seeks to showcase the Continent as an active producer of knowledge and not merely a passive consumer of the global knowledge economy."
As a whole i believe this idea and way of learning is revolutionary for this particular country with schools and learning materials minimal compared to England or America for instance this is a sure way for all African citizens being able to get the education they deserve.
However i do wonder whether they have more guidance than the technology gives them and i also wonder how they know whether they are on the right track with their work and making progress??what do youthink
Having read the whole interview Catherine Nuigi had alot of interesting things to say as far as Africa's Open Educational Resources are concerened;"OER Africa seeks to improve teaching and learning within Africa’s institutions of higher education." this is completed successfully by " providing spaces for interaction on the OER Africa website at www.oerafrica.org, we support each other via face-to-face meetings and interactions via Skype or other cost-effective communication tools with other individuals and project leaders involved in OER working on the Continent". This last point is similar to the notion of COPs as they share the same guidelines and when looking at the website as a whole there are indeed COPs available for example ACEMaths for students studying maths.
It also became clear that this form of technology serves as a techno-determinism providing the people of Africa with the education that they reall need. It is also created by a standard which relates to the people of Africa rather than on a global level which would nto relate to them historically, socially and politically; "the meta data for all of this knowledge generated for and by Africa is then sent to global repositories. In this way, OER Africa seeks to showcase the Continent as an active producer of knowledge and not merely a passive consumer of the global knowledge economy."
As a whole i believe this idea and way of learning is revolutionary for this particular country with schools and learning materials minimal compared to England or America for instance this is a sure way for all African citizens being able to get the education they deserve.
However i do wonder whether they have more guidance than the technology gives them and i also wonder how they know whether they are on the right track with their work and making progress??what do youthink
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